Optimizing Wireless RF Circuits.pdf.rar
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
John D. Lenk has been a technical author specializing in practical electronic
design/service guides for over 40 years. He is the best-selling
author of more than 90 books on circuit and consumer electronics,
which together have sold over 2 million copies in nine languages
and 33 countries. His most recent titles include Lenk’s Video Handbook,
Lenk’s Digital Handbook, Lenk’s Audio Handbook, Lenk’s Laser
Handbook, Lenk’s RF Handbook, Lenk’s Television Handbook, the
McGraw-Hill Circuit Encyclopedia, Volumes 1-4, the McGraw-Hill
Electronic Testing Handbook, and the McGraw-Hill Electronic
Troubleshooting Handbook.
1.1 RF Bands 1
1.2 RF Circuit Types 1
1.3 Narrowband RF 3
1.4 RF Power-Amplifier Circuits 6
1.5 Wideband RF 8
1.6 IC RF Voltage Amplifiers 12
Chapter 2. Practical Considerations for RF 25
2.1 Resonant Circuits 25
2.2 Resonant Frequency versus Q or Selectivity 27
2.3 Calculating Resonant Values 28
2.4 Inductance of RF Coils 29
2.5 Voltage-Variable Capacitors (VVCs) 29
2.6 Basic RF-Circuit Design Approaches 30
2.7 The y parameter System 31
2.8 The Four Basic y Parameters 32
2.9 Measuring y Parameters 34
2.10 Using the Smith Chart 38
2.11 RF-Amplifier Stability 41
2.12 RF-Amplifier Stability Solutions 43
2.13 RF Circuits with Neutralization 45
2.14 RF Circuits without Neutralization (Mismatching) 46
2.15 Large-Signal Design Approach 46
2.16 Discrete-Component RF-Oscillator Circuits Design 57
2.17 Thermal Design Considerations 65
2.18 RF Test Equipment 68
2.19 Basic RF Measurements 77
vii
Chapter 3. Direct-Conversion Tuners for Digital DBS 85
3.1 Circuit Description for MAX2102 85
3.2 Front-End Tuner Circuitry For DBS Tuners 87
3.3 External Oscillator Requirements 89
3.4 Prescaler Requirements 89
3.5 Baseband Amplifiers 90
3.6 Offset Correction 90
3.7 Optimizing MAX2102 Layout 91
3.8 Power-Supply Sequencing 91
3.9 Low-Pass Filters in Direct-Conversion Tuners 91
Chapter 4. IF Transceiver with Limiter and RSSI 95
4.1 Circuit Description for MAX2511 95
4.2 Receiver Circuit 96
4.3 Transmitter Circuit 99
4.4 Local Oscillator and Oscillator Buffer 100
4.5 Mode Selection 100
4.6 200 to 440-MHz RF Applications 101
4.7 Oscillator Tank Calculations 101
4.8 Impedance Matching for the Receiver Input 102
4.9 Filter Sharing 103
4.10 Receiver IF Filter 104
4.11 Optimizing MAX2551 Layout 104
Chapter 5. RF Power Transistors for 900 MHz 107
5.1 Transistor Characteristics 107
5.2 Current-Mirror Bias 108
5.3 Optimum Port Impedance 109
5.4 Optimizing MAX2601/2602 Layout 110
Chapter 6. IC Oscillator for 650 to 1050 MHz 111
6.1 MAX2620 Characteristics 111
6.2 Oscillator Circuit 111
6.3 Output Buffers 112
6.4 Oscillator Tank-Circuit Design 113
6.5 Matching the Output Buffers 114
Chapter 7. General-Purpose Amplifiers for VHF to Microwave 117
7.1 MAX2630 through 2633 Characteristics 117
7.2 External Components for Typical Operating Circuits 118
7.3 Optimizing MAX2630 through MAX2633 Layout 119
Chapter 8. Applications for Special-Purpose RF ICs 123
8.1 Wideband VHF Antenna Booster 123
viii Contents
8.2 Tuned Amplifier (Matching for Increased Gain) 124
8.3 HIgh-Performance Mixer 127
8.4 Double-Conversion PLL Detector and RF Mixer 135
Chapter 9. Optimizing Frequency Synthesizers 143
9.1 Loop Bandwidth 143
9.2 Multimodulus Division 145
9.3 SP8853 Characteristics 148
9.4 Prescaler and A and M Counters 148
9.5 Reference Source and Divider 149
9.6 Phase Comparator 150
9.7 Data Entry and Storage 151
9.8 Optimizing SP8853 Circuits 154
9.9 Optimizing the Loop Filter 156
9.10 Second-Order Loop Filter Calculations 157
9.11 Third-Order Loop Filter Calculations 159
Chapter 10. Optimizing High-Speed Frequency Dividers 163
10.1 PC Boards for High-Speed Dividers 163
10.2 Components Used at High Frequencies 163
10.3 Single-Point Grounding 164
10.4 Impedance Matching PC Board Traces 164
10.5 Frequency Range and Input Level 165
10.6 Dividers with ECL Outputs 166
10.7 Dividers with Open-Collector TTL Outputs 166
10.8 Dividers with True TTL Outputs 166
10.9 Dividers with CMOS Outputs 166
10.10 ECL-TTL Interface 167
10.11 Interfacing High-Speed Dividers 167
10.12 Matching the Input Impedance of High-Speed Dividers 167
10.13 Optimizing Variable Modulus Dividers 168
10.14 Using Dividers in Microwave Synthesizers 172
10.15 Using Dividers in VHF Synthesizers 172
Chapter 11. Optimizing Frequency Synthesizer Design 175
11.1 Basic Single-Loop FS PLL 175
11.2 Addressing in the Self-Programming Internal Mode 175
11.3 Addressing in the Single-Shot Internal Mode 177
11.4 Addressing in the External Mode 177
11.5 Frequency Synthesizer IC Pin Functions 177
11.6 Programming Considerations 179
11.7 Phase Comparators 179
11.8 Reference Divider Programming 180
11.9 A and M Divider Programming 181
11.10 Calculator Program for Synthesizer Programming 182
Contents ix
Chapter 12. Optimizing Direct Frequency Synthesizers 185
12.1 The Basic DFS Circuit 185
12.2 SP2001 Circuit Description 186
12.3 Optimizing the SP2001 Layout 190
12.4 Minimizing Spurious Outputs 192
Chapter 13. Optimizing Universal Radio ICs 195
13.1 SL6700 Circuit Description 195
13.2 SL6700 as a Double-Conversion IF Strip 196
13.3 SL6700 as an AM Broadcast Radio 197
13.4 SL6700 as an AM/SSB/CW IF Strip 199
13.5 SL6700 as an SSB Generator 201
13.6 SL6700 as a Remote-Control Receiver 204
Chapter 14. Optimizing Log/Linear Amplifier ICs 207
14.1 SL3522 Circuit Description 207
14.2 Optimizing the RF-Output Buffer 209
14.3 Optimizing SL3522 Circuits 210
14.4 Optimizing Video Performance 212
14.5 Gain and Offset Trimming 212
Index 213